name: inverse layout: true class: center, middle, inverse --- # Microbiota, DNA and sequencing? ---  --- ### Anna loves craft beer  --- ### Anna loves craft beer  --- ### What is a micro-organism?  .footnote[[Sources](http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2013/pandoraviruses-relics-of-a-hidden-domain-of-life/attachment/joe3/)] ??? Need to change it probably --- ### Where can we find micro-organisms?  ??? Make them vote for each image if there is micro-organisms --- ### Where can we find micro-organisms?  --- ### Where can we find micro-organisms?  --- ### Where can we find micro-organisms?  --- ### Where can we find micro-organisms?  --- ### Where can we find micro-organisms? </div> ??? Make them vote for each image if there is micro-organisms --- ### And what about in humans? The main view about micro-organisms in human  .footnote[Source: [NIAD](https://www.flickr.com/photos/niaid)] --- ### And what about in humans? But micro-organisms are mostly beneficial in humans  --- ### Do we have more micro-organism cells or <br>human cells in our own body? --- ### Do we have more micro-organism cells or <br>human cells in our own body? - **10 times** more micro-organism cells than human cells - More than **10,000** different microbe species in one human --- ### What about beer?  --- ### Key Ingredients of Beer  --- ### 1. Brewing: Malting  --- ### 2. Brewing: Mashing  --- ### 3. Brewing: Boiling  --- ### 4. Brewing: Fermentation  --- ### How to identify micro-organisms?  ??? - Historically, cultivation - only 10% can be cultivated --- ### More than 90% of micro-organisms are unculturable  --- ### Any other solution? - How can we compare micro-organisms? - What do you have in common with any other living organisms? - What does make you different from your neighbor? --- ### DNA the blueprint of life  ??? - DNA is the common element between organisms. - But how can you determine it's difference? --- ### What is DNA?  ??? - alphabets - ATCG small moleculs - consits of atoms - Atoms are social - How can we now read the DNA? --- ### Do you remember?  .footnote[[Sources](http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2013/pandoraviruses-relics-of-a-hidden-domain-of-life/attachment/joe3/)] --- ### DNA Sequencing  .footnote[[Sources](https://lerninhalte.blogspot.com/2013/04/dna-sequenzierung-kettenabbruchmethode.html)] ??? - Sanger: Very accurate but not feasable whole genones! Do you konw of any genome or sequencing projects? --- ### The Human genome project  ??? Huge development: Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) or High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) --- ### How much effort to sequence a human genome?  --- ### How to identify micro-organisms?  --- ### Which micro-organisms inside beers?  --- ### Sequencing and microbiota are part of our life  --- ### Anna is not alone!  --- ### What we are going to do?  --- ### DNA extraction  --- ### DNA sequencing  --- ### Data analysis